M00000009
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ISO 18938 2nd Edition, September 15, 2014 Imaging materials - Optical discs - Care and handling for extended storage
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Availability date: 07/13/2021
Description / Abstract:
This International Standard establishes general principles for
the care and handling of digital optical discs during use. It
addresses the issues of physical integrity of the medium necessary
to preserve access to the recorded data (information). This
International Standard includes recommendations for handling
procedures to maximize the effective life of optical discs. Faulty
handling, packing and transporting techniques and methods often
cause physical damage to the discs and to the content recorded
thereon. Extending the longevity of optical discs requires the
identification of appropriate handling methods, as well as
well-developed and implemented training programs.
For the purposes of this International Standard, the term
"optical disc" includes the families of compact disc (CD), digital
versatile disc (DVD), high definition digital versatile disc (HD
DVD) and Blu-ray disc (BD)1), and any hybrids of these
families. The term "optical disc" also includes each type of disc
within a family, including injection moulded [read-only memory
(ROM)], dye-layer [recordable (R)] and phase change [rewritable
(RW, RE), random access memory (RAM), and recordable (BD-R)]
technologies.
While some of the recommendations in this International Standard
(e.g. those for staff training) apply specifically to large-scale
or long term usage, the basics of all recommendations in this
International Standard are intended to be applied in circumstances
where the desired result is long-term usage of the medium whether
archival, commercial or personal.
This International Standard does not cover magneto-optical (MO)
discs, laser discs (LD) or glass discs. At the time of writing,
International Standards do not exist for HD DVD and Blu-ray discs.
Nonetheless, it is believed that the recommendations in this
International Standard for care and handling can equally apply to
them. It is recognized that some of these requirements are not
necessarily possible for the individual user to achieve.
The following are within the scope of this International
Standard:
— use and handling environments, including pollutants,
temperature and humidity and light exposure;
— contamination concerns;
— inspection;
— cleaning and maintenance, including cleaning methods and
frequency;
— transportation;
— disasters, including water, fire, construction and
post-disaster procedures;
— staff training.
The quality of the data written on the disc is outside the scope
of this International Standard. However, a high quality result of
the recording phase is important to the longevity of information.
It is advisable that a rigorous program of data integrity testing
be implemented, as this forms an obligatory part of all digital
long-term storage. In addition, when keeping digital
information
1) Blu-ray DiscTM and Blu-rayTM are
trademarks of Blue-ray Disc Association, and Blu-ray Disc and HD
DVD are examples of suitable products available commercially. This
information is given for the convenience of users of this
International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by
ISO of these products.