ISO 24617-4

Description / Abstract: The aim of this part of ISO 24617 is to propose a consensual annotation scheme for semantic roles; that is to say, a scheme that indicates the role that a participant plays in an event or state, as described mostly by a verb, and typically providing answers to questions such as "‘who' did ‘what' to ‘whom'", and ‘when', ‘where', ‘why', and ‘how'. This includes not only the semantic relations between a verb and its arguments but also those relations that are relevant for other predicative elements such as nominalizations, nouns, adjectives, and predicate modifiers; the predicating role of adverbs and the use of coercion fall outside the scope of this part of ISO 24617.

NOTE In linguistics, coercion occurs when the grammatical context causes the language-user to reinterpret all or parts of the semantic and/or formal features of a lexeme that appear in that context.[60]