M00001206
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ISO 13571 2nd Edition, September 15, 2012 Life-threatening components of fire - Guidelines for the estimation of time to compromised tenability in fires
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Availability date: 07/13/2021
Description / Abstract:
This International Standard is one of many tools available for
use in fire safety engineering. It is intended to be used in
conjunction with models for analysis of the initiation and
development of fire, fire spread, smoke formation and movement,
chemical species generation, transport and decay, and people
movement, as well as fire detection and suppression.
This International Standard is to be used only within this
context. This International Standard is intended to address the
consequences of human exposure to the life-threatening components
of fire. The time-dependent concentrations of fire effluents and
the thermal environment of a fire are determined by the rate of
fire growth, the yields of the various fire gases produced from the
involved fuels, the decay characteristics of those fire gases and
the ventilation pattern (see A.1). Once these are determined, the
methodology presented in this International Standard can be used
for the estimation of the time at which individuals can be expected
to experience compromised tenability.
With care, this guidance can also be applied to estimation of
the time limit for rescuing people who are immobile due to injury,
medical condition, etc.
This International Standard establishes procedures to evaluate
the life-threatening components of fire hazard analysis in terms of
the status of exposed human subjects at discrete time intervals. It
makes possible the estimation of the time at which occupants can
experience compromised tenability (see A.2). It enables estimation
of a compromised tenability endpoint for each of the fire effluent
components, with the most important endpoint being the earliest to
occur.
Although the concept of compromised tenability is consistent
with the definition of incapacitation (see ISO 13943), the latter
term is not used in this International Standard due to its
potentially broad interpretation to include many effects, including
collapse and unconsciousness, that are not addressed. This
International Standard focuses specifically on compromised
tenability as influenced by both physiological and behavioural
responses resulting from exposure to a fire's life-threatening
components.
The life-threatening components addressed include fire-effluent
toxicity, heat, and visual obscuration due to smoke. In cases where
the effluent composition is available, the toxic gas model is to be
used for assessment of fire-effluent toxicity. For those cases
where the effluent composition is unknown, an additional mass-loss
model using generic toxic potency values is provided.